ʻO nā lole koʻikoʻi pili i ka wai no nā kāmaʻa wahine a me nā ʻeke

He paʻakikī ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka lāʻau cork cork (kapa ʻia ʻo cork oak ma waho) i ke anuanu kiʻekiʻe a me ke anuanu. Ua ulu maʻamau i nā ululāʻau mauna ma kahi kiʻekiʻe o 400-2000 mika ma nā wahi subtropical a me ke anuanu. Ma loko o ka laulā o 32 a 35 degere latitu ʻākau, hiki ke loaʻa nā kumu waiwai cork ma ka hapa nui o nā wahi mauna e kū pono ana i nā kūlana ʻāina a me ke anuanu. No ka laʻana, Pokukala, Sepania, ka ʻāina hema o Farani, a me nā mauna Qinba i koʻu ʻāina, hema hema o Henan, Algeria, etc.
ʻO Pokukala ke kūlana mua ma ka honua i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o ka cork a ua ʻike ʻia ʻo ia ʻo "Kingdom of Cork" ma muli o kona ʻano kūlohelohe kūikawā i kūpono no ka ulu ʻana o nā kumulāʻau cork. I ka manawa like, ʻo Pokukala ka mea mua loa i ka honua i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā kumuwaiwai cork, hoʻokuʻu aku i nā mea maka, a me ka hana hohonu o nā huahana. kekahi o na aina. ʻO ka hana lāʻau palupalu o Algeria ke kūlana kiʻekiʻe ma ka honua.
ʻO nā mauna ʻo Qinba ma Shaanxi, koʻu ʻāina, he waiwai nui nō hoʻi i nā kumulāʻau cork, ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o 50% o nā kumu kumu cork o ka ʻāina. No laila, ʻike ʻia ʻo Shaanxi ʻo "Cork Capital" i ka ʻoihana. Ke hilinaʻi nei i kēia pono waiwai, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā mea hana cork home nui ma ʻaneʻi.
Hoʻokumu ʻia ʻo Cork me nā pūnaewele pālahalaha he nui i hoʻonohonoho ʻia me ka radial. Loaʻa pinepine i loko o ka lua cell nā resin a me nā pūhui tannin, a hoʻopiha ʻia nā cell i ka ea. No laila, ʻulaʻula pinepine ʻia ka pulu, māmā a palupalu, elastic, impermeable, ʻaʻole hiki ke loaʻa i nā hopena o nā kemika, a he mea hoʻokele maikaʻi ʻole o ka uila, wela a me ke kani. He 14 mau ʻaoʻao make i hoʻonohonoho ʻia mai kēlā me kēia ma kahi ʻano prism hexagonal. ʻO ke anawaena pūnaewele maʻamau he 30 microns a ʻo ka mānoanoa pūnaewele he 1 a 2 microns. Aia nā auwai ma waena o nā pūnaewele. ʻO ka hakahaka ma waena o ʻelua mau ʻāpana pili i haku ʻia he 5 papa, ʻelua o lākou he fibrous, a ukali ʻia e ʻelua papa suberized, a me kahi papa lāʻau i waenakonu. Aia ma mua o 50 miliona mau keneta no 1 kenimika cubic. .
hiʻona
ʻO kēia ʻano hana e loaʻa ai ka elasticity maikaʻi loa o ka ʻili cork, hoʻopaʻa ʻia, hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka wela, hoʻoheheʻe leo, hoʻoheheʻe uila a me ke kūpaʻa friction. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻohe mea ʻawaʻawa, ʻala ʻole, liʻiliʻi i ka gravity kikoʻī, palupalu i ka hoʻopā ʻana, ʻaʻole maʻalahi ke hopu i ke ahi. ʻAʻohe mea hoʻohālikelike i nā huahana hana kanaka. Ma ke ʻano o nā waiwai kemika, ʻo ka hui ʻana o ka ester i hoʻokumu ʻia e kekahi mau hydroxy fatty acids a me phenolic acids kahi ʻano ʻano o ka cork, i kapa ʻia ʻo suberin.
Kūleʻa kēia ʻano mea i ka corrosion a me ka hoʻouka kemika. No laila, ma waho aʻe o ka corrosive i ka nitric acid concentrated, concentrated sulfuric acid, chlorine, iodine, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻohe hopena kemika i ka wai, ka momona, ka ʻaila, nā waikawa organik, nā paʻakai, nā esters, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. nā mea hoʻohana, e like me nā pani ʻōmole, nā papa hoʻokaʻawale o nā mea hoʻoheheʻe, nā lifebuoy, nā panela hoʻoheheʻe kani, etc.
Nā huahana
①Natural cork huahana. Ma hope o ka kuke ʻana, ka palupalu a me ka maloʻo ʻana, ʻoki pololei ʻia, hoʻopaʻa ʻia, huli ʻia a me nā ʻano hana ʻē aʻe e hana ai i nā huahana i hoʻopau ʻia e like me nā plugs, pads, handicrafts, etc.
② ʻO nā huahana pulu i kālua ʻia. ʻO nā mea i koe o nā huahana cork maoli e ʻoki ʻia a hoʻopaʻa ʻia i nā ʻano like ʻole, i kālua ʻia i loko o ka umu ma 260 a 316 ° C no 1 a 1.5 mau hola, a laila hoʻomoʻa ʻia i loko o nā pōhaku lepo no ka insulation haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa. Hiki ke hana ʻia e ka superheated steam heating method.
③ ʻO nā huahana cork sima. Hoʻohui ʻia nā ʻāpana maikaʻi Cork me ka pauka a me nā mea hoʻopili (e like me ka resin, rubber) a kaomi ʻia i loko o nā huahana cork cemented, e like me nā veneers papahele, nā papa insulation leo, nā papa insulation wela, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, i hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka aerospace, nā moku, nā mīkini kūkulu hale, etc.
④Hua hua pulu Hana ʻia ʻo ia me ka pauka cork ma ke ʻano he mea maka a ma kahi o 70% o ka ʻōpala. Loaʻa iā ia ka compressibility o ka cork a me ka elasticity o ka rubber. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ʻo ia e like me ke kiʻekiʻe haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa kiʻekiʻe a me ka medium-pressure static sealing mea no nā ʻenekini, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, a hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e like me anti-seismic, insulation kani, friction material, etc.