ʻO ka ʻili kekahi o nā mea kahiko loa i ka mōʻaukala kanaka. E like me ka wā prehistoric, hoʻomaka nā kānaka e hoʻohana i ka hulu holoholona no ka hoʻonani a me ka pale. Eia naʻe, maʻalahi loa ka ʻenehana hana ʻili mua, e hoʻoluhi wale i ka hulu holoholona i ka wai a laila e hoʻoponopono. Me nā loli o ka manawa, ua ulu mālie a hoʻomaikaʻi ka ʻenehana hana ʻili kanaka. Mai ke ʻano hana hana mua a hiki i ka hana ʻenehana hou, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā mea ʻili i ke ola kanaka.
Hana ʻili mua
Hiki ke huli ʻia ka hana ʻili mua loa i ka wā kahiko o ʻAigupita ma kahi o 4000 BC. I kēlā manawa, hoʻoinu ka poʻe i ka hulu holoholona i ka wai a laila hana ʻia me ka ʻaila mea kanu maoli a me ka wai paʻakai. He mea kahiko loa kēia ʻano hana hana a ʻaʻole hiki ke hana i nā mea ʻili kiʻekiʻe. Eia kekahi, nui ka hana a me ka manawa i koi ʻia i ka hana hana. Eia nō naʻe, ma muli o ka paʻakikī a me ka lōʻihi o nā mea ʻili, ua hoʻohana nui ʻia lākou i ka hui kahiko e hana i nā lole, nā kāmaʻa, nā ʻeke lima a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.
Me nā loli o ka manawa, ua ulu mālie ka ʻenehana hana ʻili kanaka. Ma kahi o 1500 BC, hoʻomaka ka poʻe Helene kahiko e hoʻohana i ka ʻenehana tanning e hana i ka hulu holoholona e hana i nā mea ʻili palupalu a ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi. ʻO ke kumu o ka ʻenehana tanning ʻo ia ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea tanning e hoʻopili i ka collagen i loko o ka hulu holoholona, e lilo ia i palupalu, kūpaʻa wai, kūpaʻa a me nā waiwai ʻē aʻe. Ua hoʻohana nui ʻia kēia ʻano hana hana ma ka Middle East a me ʻEulopa a lilo i kumu nui o ka hana ʻili kahiko.
Ka hana ʻana i ka ʻili maoli
ʻO ka ʻili maoli e pili ana i nā mea ʻili maoli i hana ʻia mai ka hulu holoholona. ʻO ka ʻenehana hana o ka ʻili maoli ʻoi aku ka holomua a paʻakikī ma mua o ka hana ʻili mua. ʻO nā kaʻina hana nui o ka hana ʻili maoli: ʻo ka wehe ʻana i ka hulu holoholona, ka ʻūlū, ka holoi ʻana, ka ʻili ʻana, ka waihoʻoluʻu a me ka hana ʻana. Ma waena o lākou, ʻo ka tanning a me ka waihoʻoluʻu ka hana koʻikoʻi i ka hana ʻili maoli.
Ma ke kaʻina hana tanning, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā mea tanning mea kanu, nā mea tanning chrome a me nā mea tanning synthetic. I waena o lākou, hoʻohana nui ʻia nā mea tanning chrome ma muli o ko lākou mau pono e like me ka wikiwiki o ka hoʻoili ʻana, ka maikaʻi paʻa a me ka hopena maikaʻi. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka wai ʻōpala a me nā koena ʻōpala i hana ʻia i ka wā chrome tanning e hoʻohaumia i ke kaiapuni, no laila pono lākou e mālama a mālama pono ʻia.
I ka wā o ke kala ʻana, hiki ke hoʻoluʻu ʻia ka ʻili maoli i nā kala like ʻole e like me ka mea e pono ai e hoʻokō i nā hopena hoʻonaninani a me nā hopena pale. Ma mua o ka hoʻoluʻu ʻana, pono e mālama ʻia ka ʻili maoli i hiki i ke kala ke komo pono a hoʻopaʻa i ka ʻili ʻili. I kēia manawa, ke hoʻomaikaʻi mau nei nā ʻano a me ka maikaʻi o nā kala, hiki ke hoʻokō i nā pono like ʻole o nā kānaka a me nā makemake no nā mea ʻili.
Ka hana ʻana i ka ʻili PU a me PVC
Me ka hoʻomau mau ʻana o ka ʻenehana kemika, ua ʻike ka poʻe i kekahi mau mea synthetic hou e hiki ke hoʻohālikelike i ke ʻano a me ka manaʻo o ka ʻili maoli, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka plasticity, waterproofness a me ka lōʻihi. ʻO kēia mau mea synthetic ka nui o ka ʻili PU (polyurethane) a me ka ʻili PVC (polyvinyl chloride).
ʻO ka ʻili PU he ʻili simulated i hana ʻia me ka polyurethane material, nona nā ʻano o ka palupalu, ke kū ʻana o ka wai, ke kūpaʻa a me ka pale ʻana i ka waimaka. ʻO kāna ʻano hana e hoʻokomo i ka mea polyurethane ma ka fiber a i ʻole ka mea i ulana ʻole ʻia, a hana i ka ʻili ma hope o ka calendering, tanning, dyeing a me nā hana ʻē aʻe. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka ʻili maoli, loaʻa ka ʻili PU i nā mea maikaʻi o ke kumukūʻai haʻahaʻa a me ka hana maʻalahi, a hiki ke hoʻohālikelike i nā kala like ʻole a me nā hopena kikokikona. Hoʻohana nui ia i ka hana ʻana i nā lole, nā kāmaʻa, nā lako a me nā huahana ʻē aʻe.
ʻO ka ʻili PVC kahi ʻano ʻili simulated i hana ʻia me ka polyvinyl chloride material, nona nā hiʻohiʻona o ka wai, ʻaʻahu a maʻalahi hoʻi e hoʻomaʻemaʻe. ʻO kāna hana hana ʻana ʻo ka uhi ʻana i ka mea polyvinyl chloride ma ka substrate, a laila hana i ka mea ʻili ma o ka calendering, engraving, dyeing a me nā hana ʻē aʻe. Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka ʻili PU, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka ʻili PVC i ke kumukūʻai haʻahaʻa a me ka paʻakikī ikaika, a hiki ke hoʻohālikelike i nā kala a me nā ʻano like ʻole. Hoʻohana nui ia i ka hana ʻana i nā noho kaʻa, nā ukana, nā ʻeke lima a me nā huahana ʻē aʻe.
ʻOiai he nui nā pono o ka ʻili PU a me PVC, aia nō kekahi mau hemahema. No ka laʻana, ʻo kā lākou kaʻina hana e hana i ka nui o nā kinoea ʻino a me ka wai ʻino, kahi e hoʻohaumia ai ke kaiapuni. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole i like ka lōʻihi o ko lākou ola e like me ka ʻili maoli, a ua maʻalahi lākou e mae a ʻelemakule. No laila, pono nā kānaka e hoʻolohe i ka mālama ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i ka wā e hoʻohana ai i kēia mau huahana ʻili synthetic.
Ka hana ʻana i ka ʻili silicone
Ma waho aʻe o ka ʻili maoli maoli a me ka ʻili synthetic, ua puka mai kahi ʻano ʻili hou, ʻili silicone, i nā makahiki i hala. ʻO ka ʻili silikoni he ʻili kūlohelohe i hana ʻia me nā mea silicone molecular kiʻekiʻe a me ka uhi fiber artificial, nona nā pōmaikaʻi o ke kaumaha māmā, ka pale ʻana i ka pale, anti-aging, waterproof, anti-fouling a maʻalahi hoʻi e hoʻomaʻemaʻe, a me ka ʻili a me ka ʻoluʻolu.
He nui ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka ʻili silikoni a hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no ka hana ʻana i loko o ke kaʻa, nā ʻeke lima, nā hihia kelepona a me nā huahana ʻē aʻe. Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka ʻili PU a me PVC, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka ʻili silicone i ka hydrolysis resistance, UV resistance, paʻakai paʻakai paʻakai a me ke kiʻekiʻe a me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, ʻaʻole maʻalahi ka makahiki a mae. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻohe kinoea ʻino a me ka wai ʻino i hana ʻia i ka wā o ka hana ʻana i ka ʻili silicone, a ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka pollution i ke kaiapuni.
Ka hopena
Ma keʻano he mea kahiko a me ka nani, ua hele kaʻili i kahi kaʻina hana lōʻihi. Mai ka hana mua ʻana i ka hulu holoholona a i ka ʻili maoli o kēia wā, PU, PVC ʻili a me ka ʻili silicone, ua hoʻomaikaʻi mau ʻia nā ʻano a me ka maikaʻi o ka ʻili, a ua hoʻonui mau ʻia ke ʻano o ka noi. ʻO ka ʻili maoli a i ʻole ka ʻili synthetic, loaʻa iā ia nā pono kūʻokoʻa a me nā hemahema, a pono nā kānaka e koho e like me nā pono like ʻole a me nā hiʻohiʻona i ka wā e hoʻohana ai.
ʻOiai ua hoʻololi ka ʻenehana hana hou a me nā mea kemika i nā ʻano hana hana ʻili kuʻuna, ʻo ka ʻili maoli ka mea waiwai nui, a ʻo kona ʻano ʻokoʻa a me kona ʻano i koho mua ʻia no nā huahana kiʻekiʻe. I ka manawa like, ua ʻike mālie ka poʻe i ke koʻikoʻi o ka mālama ʻana i ke kaiapuni a hoʻomaka e hoʻohana i nā mea ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kaiapuni a me nā mea hoʻomau e hoʻololi i ka ʻili synthetic maʻamau. ʻO ka ʻili silicone kekahi o nā mea hou. ʻAʻole wale ka hana maikaʻi loa, akā he emi iki ka pollution i ke kaiapuni. Hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia he mea hoʻohiki maikaʻi loa.
I ka pōkole, me ka holomua mau o ka ʻepekema a me ka ʻenehana a me ka nānā ʻana o ka poʻe i ka mālama ʻana i ke kaiapuni, ʻo ka ʻili, kahi mea kahiko a me nā mea hoʻonaninani, ke ulu mau nei a ulu. Inā he ʻili maoli, PU, ʻili PVC, a i ʻole ʻili silicone, ʻo ia ka crystallization o ka naʻauao a me ka hana paʻakikī. Ke manaʻoʻiʻo nei au i ka wā e hiki mai ana, e hoʻomau a hoʻololi nā mea ʻili, e lawe mai i ka nani a me ka ʻoluʻolu i ke ola kanaka.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Iulai-15-2024